1. Aperture

Aperture, found in cameras, is a mechanism that adjusts the entry of light. The aperture's size is expressed as an f-stop, and the lower the f-stop value, the wider the aperture. A wider aperture takes in more light and provides a lower depth of field.

2. Focal Length

Focal length refers to the distance from a camera lens to the sensor. It is generally expressed in millimeters and determines how wide an angle the lens has. Longer focal lengths provide a narrower field of view and more zoom capability.

3. Shutter Speed

Shutter speed is an adjustment that determines how long a camera's shutter will stay open. A faster shutter speed allows for freezing of moving objects and capturing clear photos. On the other hand, a slower shutter speed helps in showing motion trails and softening motion.

4. ISO

ISO is an adjustment that determines the sensitivity of a camera's sensor to light. A higher ISO value takes in more light and provides better exposure in darker environments. However, high ISO values can reduce image quality and add noise.

5. Exposure Compensation

Exposure compensation allows you to adjust the exposure value determined by a camera's automatic metering system in the direction you want. Exposure compensation helps you achieve the correct exposure level by adjusting the brightness or darkness of the photo.